How many times is the valuation of pumped storage reasonable

While the costs and characteristics of energy storage systems vary significantly by site and application, PSH plants typically contain longer duration energy storage capacity (6-20 hours) compared to battery storage (typically fewer than 4 hours for lithium-ion (Li-ion). While there is a general understanding that PSH resources provide many services and benefits for the operation of power systems, estimating the value of these services—and especially the monetary value of some of those services—has been a challenge. Each storage type has its advantages and disadvantages in the energy storage mix. The cost-benefit and decision analysis valuation framework is structured as 15-step valuation process.